When applications fail to enforce throttling or rate limiting on incoming requests, adversaries can issue a large number of repetitive requests in a short time. This can exhaust system resources and cause denial of service, or allow large-scale attacks such as credential stuffing, brute-force authentication, and mass data scraping. Without proper limits, attackers can automate abuse at scale with little resistance.

Remediation

• Apply rate limiting on all exposed endpoints (REST, GraphQL, gRPC, etc.) according to business requirements and acceptable usage thresholds.
• Implement dynamic throttling strategies such as IP-based, user-based, or token-based limits.
• Use exponential backoff or progressive delays after repeated requests to make automation less effective.
• Monitor for distributed attack patterns (e.g., botnets) and combine rate limiting with anomaly detection.
• Consider CAPTCHAs or secondary challenges for endpoints prone to brute-force or scraping attacks.