JWT Algorithm Confusion (Key Confusion) happens when an adversary can change the key and algorithm used for verifying the token and get unauthenticated access to the resource. Usually this vulnerability happens when the app supports both symmetric (e.g. HS256) and asymmetric (e.g. RS256) and the adversary can use asymmetric public key to generate symmetric tokens.

Remediation

• Where possible only support either symmetric or asymmetric algorithm. Not both.
• Enforce a preferred algorithm used for verification. Do not rely on token header.